carvignone-home-range - immaginidambiente

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HOME RANGE

The term home range (from the word home = house and range = pasture), refers to the entire area inhabited by an individual during its lifetime, or by a stably organized group of individuals during its existence. The home range includes the TERRITORY, the paths followed during movements, as well as neutral zones. The latter are areas regularly occupied by an individual, a pair, or a group, but unlike the territory, conspecific "strangers" are not driven away from them. Often, this is a "neutral" zone between two or more territories or a particular area that includes natural resources located far apart from each other and cannot be defended by a single individual, a pair, or a group, at least not without excessive energy expenditure. Spatial separation occurs in these zones simply because animals or groups usually keep their distance from each other. The distinction between territory and neutral zone is not always clear-cut, since active defense of the territory can always alternate, for example due to changing seasons, with a tendency to avoid the opponent. There are also transitional forms, especially towards the so-called "time-shared territories."

The TERRITORY, unlike the home range, is marked and/or defended (depending on the species) by the "owner" and varies in size depending on the species itself, the season, disturbance, food availability, etc. Marking occurs through visual and olfactory signals, "leopard spot" style, so that other individuals of the same species can realize at any time that they have crossed a foreign boundary (as in the case of the roe deer during the territorial phase).